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  <h1 class="h11">19 什么是气</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”是什么？这的确是个问题。中国的道家，关于“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”字，大约有三种写法，它也代表了三种意义。</p><p>（一）“<span class="qiangdiao1">炁</span>”字：这是古文的气字，上面的“<span class="qiangdiao1">无</span>”，就是无的古字。下面的“<span class="qiangdiao1">灬</span>”字，就是火的变体。古代道家的丹经道书，提到了“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”，便常用这个“<span class="qiangdiao1">炁</span>”字。也可以说，无火之谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">炁</span>”。</p><p>但是怎样才是无火呢？须知道家的思想学术，与中国古代的术数。总是脱不了关系的，尤其与五行、天干、地支等名相术语，更是息息相关。在五行之中，心属“<span class="qiangdiao1">火</span>”，所以无火之谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">炁</span>”。做到息心清静、无思无虑之境，才是真“<span class="qiangdiao1">炁</span>”缊氤的境界。</p><p>（二）“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”字：也是古文的氣字，籀文、篆书大多都用这个“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”字。强调些说，这个“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”字，也就是代表自然界的大气。</p><p>（三）“<span class="qiangdiao1">氣</span>”字：是后代通用的气字，但从古代道家与中国古代医学的观念来说，这是人们吃食米谷之后，而有生命呼吸作用的“<span class="qiangdiao1">气</span>”。</p><p>唐、宋以前，道家修炼的方术，有专门用“<span class="qiangdiao1">服气</span>”的方法。那是专心一志，利用呼吸的屈伸起伏，以求达到“<span class="qiangdiao1">与天地精神相往来</span>”的道术，它与印度古代瑜伽术中修气的方法，有异曲同工之妙，由此又分化为后世各种修炼气功的法门。这些炼气方法的最后目的，都是凭藉呼吸的作用，由此而引发生理潜能的“<span class="qiangdiao1">真气</span>”，那才是“<span class="qiangdiao1">气功</span>”与“<span class="qiangdiao1">身瑜伽术</span>”的极果。如果永远只是停留在呼吸气机的功用上，那就永远得不到“<span class="qiangdiao1">气功</span>”与“<span class="qiangdiao1">身瑜伽</span>”的最高成就了。</p><p>那么，“<span class="qiangdiao1">真气</span>”它究竟又是什么东西呢？所谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">真气</span>”，也只是无以名之的代名词，在“<span class="qiangdiao1">瑜伽</span>”术中，又有别名称它为“<span class="qiangdiao1">灵能</span>”，或者形容它是“<span class="qiangdiao1">灵蛇</span>”。至于西藏的密宗，则另称它为“<span class="qiangdiao1">灵力</span>”，或名为“<span class="qiangdiao1">灵热</span>”。总而言之，它就是佛家唯识宗所讲“<span class="qiangdiao1">暧</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">寿</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">识</span>”综合起来的“<span class="qiangdiao1">业识</span>”的功能。为了讲解的方便，我们借用现代语来说，它就是生命的“<span class="qiangdiao1">本能</span>”，或可简称它是“<span class="qiangdiao1">能</span>”。但是这里所谓的“<span class="qiangdiao1">本能</span>”或“<span class="qiangdiao1">能</span>”，并非就是物理学上“<span class="qiangdiao1">能量</span>”的能，也不是生理学上“<span class="qiangdiao1">本能</span>”的能，或者有些人认为它就是物理学上的电能，或认为它就是电，那都是观念上的偏差，不可妄用。因为它的究竟，毕竟不是“<span class="qiangdiao1">物</span>”的作用。不过，这样一说，又很容易牵涉到哲学和科学范围的论辩里去，所以暂置不论。</p> </div>
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